PHP & Web Development Blogs

As a developer, you've probably at least heard something about CI - Continuous integration. And if you haven't - you better fix it ASAP, because that's something awesome to have on your skill list and can get extremely helpful in your everyday work. This post will focus on CI for PHP devs, and specifically, on CI implementation from Gitlab. I will suppose you know the basics of Git, PHP, PHPUnit, Docker and unix shell. Intended audience - intermediate PHP devs.
Adding something to your workflow must serve a purpose. In this case the goal is to automate routine tasks and achieve better quality control. Even a basic PHP project IMO needs the following:
* linter) checks (cannot merge changes that are invalid on the syntax level)
* Code style checks
* Unit and integration tests
All of those can be just run eventually, of course. But I prefer an automated CI approach even in my personal projects because it leads to a higher level of discipline, you simply can't avoid following a set of rules that you've developed. Also, it reduces a risk of releasing a bug or regression, thus improving quality.
Gitlab is as generous as giving you their CI for free, even for your private repos. At this point it is starting to look as advertising, therefore a quick comparison table for Gitlab, Github, Bitbucket. AFAIK, Github does not have a built-in solution, instead it is easily integrated with third parties, of which Travis CI seems to be the most popular - I will therefore mention Travis here.

Public repositories (OSS projects). All 3 providers have a free offer for the open-source community!

| Provider | Limits |
|---|---|
| Gitlab | 2,000 CI pipeline minutes per group per month, shared runners |
| Travis | Apparently unlimited |
| Bitbucket| 50 min/month, max 5 users, File storage <= 1Gb/month |

Private repositories

| Provider | Price | Limits |
|---|---|---|
| Gitlab | Free | 2,000 CI pipeline minutes per group per month, shared runners |
| Travis | $69/month | Unlimited builds, 1 job at a time |
| Bitbucket| Free | 50 min/month, max 5 users, File storage <= 1Gb/month |

Getting started

I made a small project based on Laravel framework and called it "ci-showcase". I work in Linux environment, and the commands I use in the examples, are for linux shell. They should be pretty much the same on Mac and nearly the same on Windows though.

composer create-project laravel/laravel ci-showcase

Next, I went to gitlab website and created a new public project: https://gitlab.com/crocodile2u/ci-showcase. Cloned the repo and copied all files and folders from the newly created project - the the new git repo. In the root folder, I placed a .gitignore file:

.idea
vendor
.env

Then the .env file:

APP_ENV=development

Then I generated the application encryption key: php artisan key:generate, and then I wanted to verify that the primary setup works as expected: ./vendor/bin/phpunit, which produced the output OK (2 tests, 2 assertions). Nice, time to commit this: git commit && git push

At this point, we don't yet have any CI, let's do something about it!

Adding .gitlab-ci.yml

Everyone going to implement CI with Gitlab, is strongly encouraged to bookmark this page: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/README.html. I will simply provide a short introduction course here plus a bit of boilerplate code to get you started easier.
First QA check that we're going to add is PHP syntax check. PHP has a built-in linter, which you can invoke like this: php -l my-file.php. This is what we're going to use. Because the php -l command doesn't support multiple files as arguments, I've written a small wrapper shell script and saved it to ci/linter.sh:

#!/bin/sh
files=<code>sh ci/get-changed-php-files.sh | xargs</code>last_status=0
status=0
# Loop through changed PHP files and run php -l on each
for f in "$files" ; do message=<code>php -l $f</code> last_status="$?" if [ "$last_status" -ne "0" ]; then # Anything fails -> the whole thing fails echo "PHP Linter is not happy about $f: $message" status="$last_status" fi
done
if [ "$status" -ne "0" ]; then echo "PHP syntax validation failed!"
fi
exit $status

Most of the time, you don't actually want to check each and every PHP file that you have. Instead, it's better to check only those files that have been changed. The Gitlab pipeline runs on every push to the repository, and there is a way to know which PHP files have been changed. Here's a simple script, meet ci/get-changed-php-files.sh:

#!/bin/sh
# What's happening here?
#
# 1. We get names and statuses of files that differ in current branch from their state in origin/master.
# These come in form (multiline)
# 2. The output from git diff is filtered by unix grep utility, we only need files with names ending in .php
# 3. One more filter: filter *out* (grep -v) all lines starting with R or D.
# D means "deleted", R means "renamed"
# 4. The filtered status-name list is passed on to awk command, which is instructed to take only the 2nd part
# of every line, thus just the filename
git diff --name-status origin/master | grep '\.php$' | grep -v "^[RD]" | awk '{ print }'

These scripts can easily be tested in your local environment ( at least if you have a Linux machine, that is ;-) ).
Now, as we have our first check, we'll finally create our .gitlab-ci.yml. This is where your pipeline is declared using YAML notation:

# we're using this beautiful tool for our pipeline: https://github.com/jakzal/phpqa
image: jakzal/phpqa:alpine
# For this sample pipeline, we'll only have 1 stage, in real-world you would like to also add at least "deploy"
stages: - QA
linter:
stage: QA
# this is the main part: what is actually executed
script:	- sh ci/get-changed-php-files.sh | xargs sh ci/linter.sh

The first line is image: jakzal/phpqa:alpine and it's telling Gitlab that we want to run our pipeline using a PHP-QA utility by jakzal. It is a docker image containing PHP and a huge variety of QA-tools. We declare one stage - QA, and this stage by now has just a single job named linter. Every job can have it's own docker image, but we don't need that for the purpose of this tutorial. Our project reaches Step 2. Once I had pushed these changes, I immediately went to the project's CI/CD page. Aaaand.... the pipeline was already running! I clicked on the linter job and saw the following happy green output:

Running with gitlab-runner 11.9.0-rc2 (227934c0) on docker-auto-scale ed2dce3a
Using Docker executor with image jakzal/phpqa:alpine ...
Pulling docker image jakzal/phpqa:alpine ...
Using docker image sha256:12bab06185e59387a4bf9f6054e0de9e0d5394ef6400718332c272be8956218f for jakzal/phpqa:alpine ...
Running on runner-ed2dce3a-project-11318734-concurrent-0 via runner-ed2dce3a-srm-1552606379-07370f92...
Initialized empty Git repository in /builds/crocodile2u/ci-showcase/.git/
Fetching changes...
Created fresh repository.
From https://gitlab.com/crocodile2u/ci-showcase * [new branch] master -> origin/master * [new branch] step-1 -> origin/step-1 * [new branch] step-2 -> origin/step-2
Checking out 1651a4e3 as step-2...
Skipping Git submodules setup
$ sh ci/get-changed-php-files.sh | xargs sh ci/linter.sh
Job succeeded

It means that our pipeline was successfully created and run!

PHP Code Sniffer.

PHP Code Sniffer is a tool for keeping app of your PHP files in one uniform code style. It has a hell of customizations and settings, but here we will only perform simple check for compatibilty with PSR-2 standard. A good practice is to create a configuration XML file in your project. I will put it in the root folder. Code sniffer can use a few file names, of which I prefer phpcs.xml:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
/resources

I also will append another section to .gitlab-ci.yml:

code-style:	stage: QA	script:	# Variable $files will contain the list of PHP files that have changes	- files=<code>sh ci/get-changed-php-files.sh</code> # If this list is not empty, we execute the phpcs command on all of them - if [ ! -z "$files" ]; then echo $files | xargs phpcs; fi

Again, we check only those PHP files that differ from master branch, and pass their names to phpcs utility. That's it, Step 3 is finished! If you go to see the pipeline now, you will notice that linter and code-style jobs run in parallel.

Adding PHPUnit

Unit and integration tests are essential for a successful and maintaiable modern software project. In PHP world, PHPUnit is de facto standard for these purposes. The PHPQA docker image already has PHPUnit, but that's not enough. Our project is based on Laravel, which means it depends on a bunch of third-party libraries, Laravel itself being one of them. Those are installed into vendor folder with composer. You might have noticed that our .gitignore file has vendor folder as one of it entries, which means that it is not managed by the Version Control System. Some prefer their dependencies to be part of their Git repository, I prefer to have only the composer.json declarations in Git. Makes the repo much much smaller than the other way round, also makes it easy to avoid bloating your production builds with libraries only needed for development.
Composer is also included into PHPQA docker image, and we can enrich our .gitlab-ci.yml:

test:	stage: QA	cache:	key: dependencies-including-dev	paths: - vendor/	script:	- composer install	- ./vendor/bin/phpunit

PHPUnit requires some configuration, but in the very beginning we used composer create-project to create our project boilerplate.laravel/laravel package has a lot of things included in it, and phpunit.xml is also one of them. All I had to do was to add another line to it:

xml

APP_KEY enironment variable is essential for Laravel to run, so I generated a key with php artisan key:generate.
git commit & git push, and we have all three jobs on theQA stage!

Checking that our checks work

In this branch I intentionally added changes that should fail all three job in our pipeline, take a look at git diff. And we have this out from the pipeline stages:Linter:

$ ci/linter.sh
PHP Linter is not happy about app/User.php:
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'syntax' (T_STRING), expecting function (T_FUNCTION) or const (T_CONST) in app/User.php on line 11
Errors parsing app/User.php
PHP syntax validation failed!
ERROR: Job failed: exit code 255

**Code-style**:

$ if [ ! -z "$files" ]; then echo $files | xargs phpcs; fi
FILE: ...ilds/crocodile2u/ci-showcase/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php
----------------------------------------------------------------------
FOUND 0 ERRORS AND 1 WARNING AFFECTING 1 LINE
---------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 | WARNING | Line exceeds 120 characters; contains 129 characters
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Time: 39ms; Memory: 6MB
ERROR: Job failed: exit code 123

**test**:

$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit
PHPUnit 7.5.6 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
F. 2 / 2 (100%)
Time: 102 ms, Memory: 14.00 MB
There was 1 failure:
1) Tests\Unit\ExampleTest::testBasicTest
This test is now failing
Failed asserting that false is true.
/builds/crocodile2u/ci-showcase/tests/Unit/ExampleTest.php:17
FAILURES!
Tests: 2, Assertions: 2, Failures: 1.
ERROR: Job failed: exit code 1

Congratulations, our pipeline is running, and we now have much less chance of messing up the result of our work.

Conclusion

Now you know how to set up a basic QA pipeline for your PHP project. There's still a lot to learn. Pipeline is a powerful tool. For instance, it can make deployments to different environments for you. Or it can build docker images, store artifacts and more! Sounds cool? Then spend 5 minutes of your time and leave a comment, you can also tell me if there is a pipeline topic you would like to be covered in next posts.

Hi Guys,
I am sharing you the simple steps by which you can broadcast the web push notifications to your subscriber. In this tutorial we are making a subscriber form and saving information using Ajax and PHP and then through a server side code returning response to current logged in user and showing notification to that user.
Following are the steps to build this system

1. Create a database, I am creating db with name 'web_notifications'

Creating subscribers and notifications tables using following sql statements

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>subscribers</code> (
 <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL,
 <code>name</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>email</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>createdAt</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE <code>subscribers</code> ADD PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>);

ALTER TABLE <code>subscribers</code> MODIFY <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;



CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>notifications</code> (
 <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL,
 <code>to_user</code> int(11) NOT NULL,
 <code>title</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>body</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>url</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>is_sent</code> int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
 <code>createdAt</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE <code>notifications</code> ADD PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>);

ALTER TABLE <code>notifications</code> MODIFY <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

2. Now create a db_connect.php file with following code

<?php 
session_start();
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "web_notifications";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
 die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
} 
?>

3. Create a cookies.js file to read and write browser cookies

function WriteCookie(key,content) {
 var now = new Date();
 now.setMonth( now.getMonth() + 1 ); 
 document.cookie = key+"=" + escape(content) + ";";
 document.cookie = "expires=" + now.toUTCString() + ";"
}

function ReadCookie(key) {
 var allcookies = document.cookie;
 cookiearray = allcookies.split(';');
 var CookieData=Array();
 for(var i=0; i<cookiearray.length; i++) {
 k = cookiearray[i].split('=')[0];
 v = cookiearray[i].split('=')[1];
 CookieData[k]=v;
 }
 return CookieData[key];
}

4. Create a ajax file to read and mark is_sent if any notification foun to be sent in database for that user. create file with name 'fetch_notifications.php' with following content

<?php require 'db_connect.php';

$sql = "SELECT id,title,body,url FROM notifications where to_user='".@$_GET['user_id']."' and is_sent='0' ";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

$data=array();
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
 while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
 $data[]=$row;

 $upd = "update notifications set is_sent='1' where id='".$row['id']."' ";
 $conn->query($upd);

 }
}

if(count($data)>0)
{
 $response=array("status"=>1,"notification"=>$data);
}
else
{
 $response=array("status"=>0,"error"=>"No new notification!");
}

echo json_encode($response);

$conn->close(); 
?>

5. Now code index.php to show subscriber form and on submit insert record into the subscriber table

<?php require 'db_connect.php'; ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <title>Web Push Notification Demo</title>
 <script src="./cookies.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 <link href="
<script src="
<script src="
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.1.0/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-lKuwvrZot6UHsBSfcMvOkWwlCMgc0TaWr+30HWe3a4ltaBwTZhyTEggF5tJv8tbt" crossorigin="anonymous">
<?php 
if(isset($_POST['subscribe_form']))
{
 $_SESSION['is_login']=0;
 $username=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['username']);
 $useremail=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['useremail']);


 $sql = "INSERT INTO subscribers set name='".$username."',email='".$useremail."' ";
 if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
 $_SESSION['is_login']=1;
 $_SESSION['Uid']= $conn->insert_id;
 $_SESSION['Uname']= $username;
 ?>
 <script type="text/javascript">
 WriteCookie("Uid","<?php echo $_SESSION['Uid']; ?>");
 </script> 
 <?php
 $msg="<p style='color:green'>You have subscribe for push notification succesfully :)</p>";
 } else {
 $msg="<p style='color:red'>Error in subscribing for notifications</p>";
 }


}

?>
<div class="container">
<?php 
if(isset($msg) && $msg!='')
{
 ?>
 <br>
 <div class="alert alert-info">
 <?php echo $msg; ?>
 </div>
 <?php
}

if(isset($_SESSION['is_login']) && $_SESSION['is_login']==1)
{
 ?>
 <h2>Welcome <?php echo $_SESSION['Uname']; ?></h2>
 <script type="text/javascript"> 

setInterval(function(){ 
 check_notification(); 
}, 10000);

function check_notification()
{ 
 var Uid=ReadCookie("Uid");
 if(Uid!==undefined)
 {
 $.ajax({url: "fetch_notifications.php?user_id="+Uid, success: function(result){ 
 var response=JSON.parse(result);
 if(response.status==1)
 {
 
 response=response.notifications;
 for (var i = response.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 var url = response[i]['url'];
 var noti = new Notification(response[i]['title'], {
 icon: 'logo.png', body: response[i]['body'],
 });
 noti.onclick = function () {
 window.open(url); 
 noti.close(); 
 };
 
 };

 }
 else{
 console.log(response.error);

 }
 
 }

 }); 
 }
}

 
 </script>
 <?php
}
else
{
 ?>
 <h2 class="text-center">Subscribe for Notifications</h2>
 <div class="row justify-content-center">
 <div class="col-12 col-md-8 col-lg-6 pb-5">

 <div class="card border-primary rounded-0">
 <div class="card-header p-0">
 <div class="bg-info text-white text-center py-2">
 <h3><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> Information</h3>
 <p class="m-0">provide your information</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="card-body p-3">
 <form method="post">
 <!--Body-->
 <div class="form-group">
 <div class="input-group mb-2">
 <div class="input-group-prepend">
 <div class="input-group-text"><i class="fa fa-user text-info"></i></div>
 </div>
 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" placeholder="Input Your Name Here" required>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <div class="input-group mb-2">
 <div class="input-group-prepend">
 <div class="input-group-text"><i class="fa fa-envelope text-info"></i></div>
 </div>
 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="useremail" name="useremail" pattern="[^@\s]+@[^@\s]+\.[^@\s]+" title="Invalid email address" placeholder="[email protected]" required>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div class="text-center">
 <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe_form" class="btn btn-info btn-block rounded-0 py-2">
 </div>
 </form>
 </div>

 </div>
 


 </div>
 </div>
<?php }?>
</div>



</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>
<?php 
$conn->close(); 
?>

The frontend of your subscription page (index.php) should look like this:




Now we are ready to receive notification in frontend, but we still need to create an admin page from where we can send notification to subscriber(s).

6. Create a table for admin user

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>admin</code> (
 <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL,
 <code>username</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>password</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>createdAt</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE <code>admin</code> ADD PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>);

ALTER TABLE <code>admin</code> MODIFY <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

INSERT INTO <code>web_notifications</code>.<code>admin</code> (<code>id</code>, <code>username</code>, <code>password</code>, <code>createdAt</code>) VALUES (NULL, 'admin', MD5('123456'), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);

Following is the code for admin.php to add the notifications to subscriber(s) account also i have inserted following login credentials for admin in admin table:
username:admin
password:123456

7. Now put following code in admin.php

<?php require 'db_connect.php'; ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <title>ADMIN PAGE</title> 
 <link href="
<script src="
<script src="
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.1.0/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-lKuwvrZot6UHsBSfcMvOkWwlCMgc0TaWr+30HWe3a4ltaBwTZhyTEggF5tJv8tbt" crossorigin="anonymous">
<?php 
if(isset($_POST['login']))
{
 $_SESSION['admin_login']=0;
 $username=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['username']);
 $password=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['password']);
 $sql = "SELECT * FROM admin where username='".$username."' and password='".md5($password)."' ";
 $result = $conn->query($sql);
 if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
 $_SESSION['admin_login']=1;
 $msg="<p style='color:green'>Admin Logged-in Successfully :)</p>";
 }
 else {
 $msg="<p style='color:red'>INVALID CREDENTIALS FOR ADMIN</p>";
 } 


}
if(isset($_POST['add_notification']))
{ 
 $title=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['title']);
 $body=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['body']);
 $url=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['url']);
 $users=$_POST['users'];

 foreach ($users as $user_id) {
 $ins = "insert into notifications set to_user='".$user_id."' , title='".$title."', url='".$url."', body='".$body."' ";
 $conn->query($ins);
 }
 $msg="<p style='color:green'>Notification(s) added to subscribers account.</p>";
 
}

?>
<div class="container">
<?php 
if(isset($msg) && $msg!='')
{
 ?>
 <br>
 <div class="alert alert-info">
 <?php echo $msg; ?>
 </div>
 <?php
}

if(isset($_SESSION['admin_login']) && $_SESSION['admin_login']==1)
{
 ?>
 <h2>Welcome Admin, Send notification to Subscriber(s)</h2>

<form method="post">
 
 

<div class="form-group">
 <label for="sel1">Select Subscriber(s):</label>
 <select multiple="multiple" required="required" class="form-control" id="users" name="users[]">
 <?php
$sql = "SELECT id,name FROM subscribers";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

$data=array();
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
 while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
 echo "<option value='".$row['id']."'>".$row['name']."</option>";
 }
}
?>
 </select>
</div>

 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="email">Title</label>
 <input type="text" required class="form-control" placeholder="notification title here" name="title" id="title">
 </div>
 
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="email">Message</label>
 <textarea required class="form-control" placeholder="notification message here" name="body" id="body"></textarea> 
 </div>

 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="email">Url</label>
 <input type="url" required class="form-control" placeholder="notification landing/click url here" name="url" id="url">
 </div>
 
 <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" name="add_notification" value="Submit" />

</form>


 <?php
}
else
{
 ?>
 <h2 class="text-center">ADMINISTRATOR</h2>
 <div class="row justify-content-center">
 <div class="col-12 col-md-8 col-lg-6 pb-5">

 <div class="card border-primary rounded-0">
 <div class="card-header p-0">
 <div class="bg-info text-white text-center py-2">
 <h3><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> LOGIN</h3>
 <p class="m-0">provide admin login credentials</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="card-body p-3">
 <form method="post">
 <!--Body-->
 <div class="form-group">
 <div class="input-group mb-2">
 <div class="input-group-prepend">
 <div class="input-group-text"><i class="fa fa-user text-info"></i></div>
 </div>
 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" placeholder="Input username here" required>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <div class="input-group mb-2">
 <div class="input-group-prepend">
 <div class="input-group-text"><i class="fa fa-key text-info"></i></div>
 </div>
 <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" placeholder="your password here" required>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div class="text-center">
 <input type="submit" value="Login" name="login" class="btn btn-info btn-block rounded-0 py-2">
 </div>
 </form>
 </div>

 </div>
 


 </div>
 </div>
<?php }?>
</div>



</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>
<?php 
$conn->close(); 
?>

The admin page will ask login credentials first then it will look like following screenshot:



Now in your project if you open index.php you have a frontend where user will register themselves to receive notifications, and admin.php is your backend where you can send notifications to users or subscribers


If you face any problem in setup this small project please just let me know in the comments below, or by messaging me.

Laravel introduces eloquent relationships from laravel 5.0 onwards. We all know, while we creating an application we all have foreign keys. Each table will be connected to some other. Eloquent make easy to connect each tables easily. Here we will One to one, one to many and many to many relationships. Here we will see three types of relationships,
   
. One to one relationships
    . One to many relationships
    . Many to many relationships

Why Eloquent Relationships

Here we have 2 tables, students and marks, so for join each table,

$student = student::join(‘marks’,’marks.student_id,’=’,students.id’)->where(‘students.id’,’1’)->get();

dd($student);

the above query is to long, so when we connect more tables its too tough we will be having a big query and complicated.

Model Query using Relationships

$student_marks = student::find(1);

dd($student_marks->mark1);

The above example is a simple example of eloquent relationships. We can reduce the first query into a simple one.

ONE TO ONE RELATIOSHIPS

Here we are creating 2 tables:
* Users
* Phones

Now we can see one to one relationships using hasone() and belongsto().

We need to create table using migrations

Create migrations

users table will be created by using

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->string('name');

 $table->string('email')->unique();

 $table->string('password');

 $table->rememberToken();

 $table->timestamps();

});

Phones table will be created by

Schema::create('phones', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();

 $table->string('phone');

 $table->timestamps();

 $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')

 ->onDelete('cascade');

});

After that we need to create model for each tables, as we all know if the table name is laravel table name will be ending with ‘s’ and model name will be without ‘s’ of the same table name.

User model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;



class User extends Authenticatable

{

 use Notifiable;



 

 protected $fillable = [

 'name', 'email', 'password',

 ];



 

 protected $hidden = [

 'password', 'remember_token',

 ];



 

 public function phone()

 {

 return $this->hasOne('App\Phone');

 }

}

Phone Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class Phone extends Model

{

 

 public function user()

 {

 return $this->belongsTo('App\User');

 }

}

For Creating records

$user = User::find(1);

$phone = new Phone;

$phone->phone = '9080054945';

$user->phone()->save($phone);



$phone = Phone::find(1);

$user = User::find(10);

$phone->user()->associate($user)->save();

Now we can get our records by

$phone = User::find(1)->phone;

dd($phone);



$user = Phone::find(1)->user;

dd($user);

ONE TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

Here we will use hasMany() and belongsTo() for relationships

Now we are creating two tables, posts and comments, we will be having a foreign key towards posts table.


Migrations for posts and comments table

Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->string("name");

 $table->timestamps();

});



Schema::create('comments', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->integer('post_id')->unsigned();

 $table->string("comment");

 $table->timestamps();

 $table->foreign('post_id')->references('id')->on('posts')

 ->onDelete('cascade');

});

Now we will create Post Model and Comment Model

Post Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class Post extends Model

{

 

 public function comments()

 {

 return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);

 }

}

Comment Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class Comment extends Model

{

 

 public function post()

 {

 return $this->belongsTo(Post::class);

 }

}

Now we can create records

$post = Post::find(1);

$comment = new Comment;

$comment->comment = "Hi Harikrishnan";

$post = $post->comments()->save($comment);

$post = Post::find(1);



$comment1 = new Comment;

$comment1->comment = "How are You?";

$comment2 = new Comment;

$comment2->comment = "Where are you?";

$post = $post->comments()->saveMany([$comment1, $comment2]);



$comment = Comment::find(1);

$post = Post::find(2);

$comment->post()->associate($post)->save();

Now we can get records

$post = Post::find(1);

$comments = $post->comments;

dd($comments);



$comment = Comment::find(1);

$post = $comment->post;

dd($post);

MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

Many to many is little bit different and complicated than the above two.



In this example, I will create users, roles, and role, users_tables, here each table will be connected each other using the foreign keys.



Using belongsToMany() we will use see a demo of Many to many relationship

Create Migrations

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->string('name');

 $table->string('email')->unique();

 $table->string('password');

 $table->rememberToken();

 $table->timestamps();

});



Schema::create('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->string('name');

 $table->timestamps();

});



Schema::create('role_user', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();

 $table->integer('role_id')->unsigned();

 $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')

 ->onDelete('cascade');

 $table->foreign('role_id')->references('id')->on('roles')

 ->onDelete('cascade');

});

Create Models

User Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;



class User extends Authenticatable

{

 use Notifiable;



 

 protected $fillable = [

 'name', 'email', 'password',

 ];



 

 protected $hidden = [

 'password', 'remember_token',

 ];



 

 public function roles()

 {

 return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'role_user');

 }

}

Role Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class Role extends Model

{

 

 public function users()

 {

 return $this->belongsToMany(User::class, 'role_user');

 }

}

UserRole Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class UserRole extends Model

{

}

Now we can create records

$user = User::find(2); 

$roleIds = [1, 2];

$user->roles()->attach($roleIds);



$user = User::find(3); 

$roleIds = [1, 2];

$user->roles()->sync($roleIds);



$role = Role::find(1); 

$userIds = [10, 11];

$role->users()->attach($userIds);



$role = Role::find(2); 

$userIds = [10, 11];

$role->users()->sync($userIds);

Now we can retrieve records

$user = User::find(1); 

dd($user->roles);



$role = Role::find(1);

dd($role->users);

Hence laravel Eloquent is more powerful and we do relationships easily compared to native query. We will be having three more relationships in laravel. Ie.., has many, one to many polymorphic and many to many polymorphic. With eloquent relationship we can easily connect the tables each other. One to one relationships we can connect two tables with their basic functionalities. In one to many we will connect with single table with multiple options. In Many to many we will be having more tables.

Hi Guys,

I am sharing you a standalone class for managing a session based cart system. In this class I have provided multiple methods for adding, updating and deleting the products. and By using this class you may manage multiple cart objects with different data only you need to pass a different key in constructor of that class.

Let me share you the How can we use that Class:

Include The cart class

require 'PhpKart.class.php';

Create a Cart Object initializing the Cart base key name, by using different keys we can manage multiple cart data in a same project , like main cart or wishlist

$obj1 = new PhpKart("MainCart");

Here Maincart is the keyname in which $obj1 insert/modify/delete the data

Adding any product inside cart

$obj1->add_to_cart($product_id=123,$quantity=2,$product_information=array("product_name"=>"Tomato","Price"=>20));

Where parameter1 is product, id,parameter 2 is quantity, and Parameter 3 is product information Array

Now If we want to update the quantity in product_id=123 with quantity 5 then use following:

$obj1->add_to_cart($product_id=123,$quantity=5);

Here we did not pass the information array again because no matter you pass or not if the product information is already added in the cart then if won't be affected So no ned to pass this, only pass product id and its Quantity

If we want to add another product:

$obj1->add_to_cart($product_id=145,$quantity=3,$product_information=array("product_name"=>"Potato","Price"=>30));

Now we have a case what if our product is already having some quantity and we want to increase into it or decrease into it, Then to retrieve the already added product information, using AlreadyExists method by passing product id,it will return array if it exists and it will return boolean false if not exists:

$already_exists=$obj1->AlreadyExists($product_id=145); 
if($already_exists !== false )
{
print_r($already_exists);
}

If we want to remove any product from cart:

$obj1->remove_from_cart($product_id=145);

If we want to get all products from the current cart

print_r( $obj1->getAllItems() );

It will return you an array with all the items exist in the current cart

Getting all item's count inside the current cart

echo $obj1->getTotalItems(); 

If we want to get calculate total amount in the current cart

echo $obj1->getCartTotalAmount($priceKeyName='Price')

Note: In the above snippet we need to provide teh same key name which we have used for product price in project information array at the time of adding items in cart array, and need to take the same key name in all the products inserting in Same Cart

If we want to clear/reset the current cart then use following:

$obj1->clear_cart(); 

Now if we want to save some other user interested items separately which use likes but don't want to buy now so that items can be Add into wishlist So we need to create new object with different cart ket name and that list will be manage separately using it's object. Like Following:

Create new Object by passing different Key

$obj2=new PhpKart("MyWishlist"); 

Add a new item to $obj2 object containing the items user want to add in his/her wishlist

$obj2->add_to_cart($product_id=159,$quantity=8,$product_information=array("product_name"=>"Baby Toy","Price"=>100));

Show the total cart Amount

echo $obj2->getCartTotalAmount("Price"); 

Full Source Code

Following is the full code for that cart managing Class . Just create a file named PhpKart.class.php and add following code in it:

<?php 
if(!session_id()){
 @session_start();
}


class PhpKart{

private $cart_key;

public function __construct($CartkeyName)
{
$this->cart_key=$CartkeyName;
}
public function add_to_cart($product_id,$quantity='1',$product_information=array())
{
$_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]['product_id']=$product_id;
$_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]['quantity']=$quantity;
if(!isset($_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]['product_information']) && !empty($product_information)){
$_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]['product_information']=$product_information;
}
}
public function remove_from_cart($product_id)
{
unset($_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]);
}
public function clear_cart()
{
unset($_SESSION[$this->cart_key]);
}
public function getTotalItems()
{
return count($_SESSION[$this->cart_key]);
}
public function getCartTotalAmount($price_key_name)
{
$total=0;
foreach($_SESSION[$this->cart_key] as $row)
{
$total += ($row['product_information'][$price_key_name]*$row['quantity']);
}

return $total;
}
public function AlreadyExists($product_id)
{
 if (isset($_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]))
 {
	return $_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id];
 }
 else
 {
	return false;
 }
}
public function getAllItems()
{
return $_SESSION[$this->cart_key];
}


}

?>

Conferences are always looking for speakers - it can be hard to keep track of them all and the requirements they have. I wanted to put together this quick guide to make it easy for you to apply. Make sure to apply because as Wayne Gretzky said “You miss 100% of the shots you don’t take”!!!

phpDay 2019

First we have phpDay 2019 which will take place on May 10 & 11 at Hotel San Marco in Verona, Italy. Some facts about this call for papers:
*Submission deadline: February 4, 2019
*Submit via: https://cfp.phpday.it/
* For more info on the conference: https://2019.phpday.it/
* Twitter: (@phpday)
* Speaker package includes: Full conference pass (jsDay + phpDay), speaker dinner the first night, lunch, reception and activities included in regular conference.
* For speakers remote to the Area: A refund of up to €200 for travel costs (or €500 from US or extra-EU), 2 complimentary hotel nights (+1 hotel night for speakers presenting multiple talks or US/extra-EU) and Taxi fare from/to the airport.
*In Submission: make sure your talk title and abstract define the exact topic you want to talk about and what you hope people will learn from the session.
*Talk Ideas: APIs (REST, SOAP, etc.), Architectures, Continuous Delivery, Databases, Development, Devops, Frameworks, Internals, PHP 7.x / PHP 8, Security, Testing and UI/UX.

ScotlandPHP

Next we have ScotlandPHP which will take place on November 8 & 9 at Edinburgh International Conference Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland.
*Submission deadline: April 22, 2019
*Submit via: https://cfs.scotlandphp.co.uk/
* For more info on the conference: https://conference.scotlandphp.co.uk/
* Twitter: (@scotlandphp)
* Speaker package: Full conference pass, lunch, receptions and activities included in regular conference.
* For speakers remote to the Area: Complimentary airfare/travel, 2 complimentary hotel nights and we'll pick you up and drop you off to/from the airport so you don't have to worry about it.
* Speakers will be provided with a projector, a wireless lapel microphone and a screen for their presentation (size depends on the room). Speakers should bring any equipment they need to connect to projectors (VGA). It is also suggested that you reduce your dependency on the in-house internet connection as possible. We will however provide HDMI and Mini Display Port connections for all speakers on request. If you need something different or your selected talk needs audio equipment just let us know. We'll work it out.
* Looking for talks and workshops (November 8th).
*Talk Ideas: Virtualization and environments, Javascript, Alternate PHP run-times, PHP internals, Development principles, Security, Mobile-first design, Testing (unit, functional, etc.), Version control, User Experience/Usability, Building APIs (REST, SOAP, whatever), Continuous Integration, Framework-related topics, and Professional development.

Global diversity CFP day

In 2019 there will be numerous workshops hosted around the globe encouraging and advising newbie speakers to put together your very first talk proposal and share your own individual perspective on any subject of interest to people in tech.
* Twitter: (@gdcfpday)
*Save the Date: March 2, 2019
*Register here: https://www.globaldiversitycfpday.com/?utm_source=scotphp

CoderCruise

Then there is CoderCruise which will take place on August 19-23. It's a cruise that takes off from Port Canaveral, Florida and goes to the Bahamas.
* Twitter: (@codercruise)
*Submission deadline: March 3, 2019
*Submit via: https://www.papercall.io/codercruise-2019
* For more info on the conference: https://www.codercruise.com/
* This is a polyglot conference so looking for speakers on a wide variety of languages (PHP, JavaScript, Java, Python, etc.) and on various tech topics.

PHP Conference Asia 2019

There is also PHP Conference Asia 2019, which will take place on June 24-25 at Microsot Singapore.
*Submission deadline: March 8, 2019
*Submit via: https://cfp.phpconf.asia/
* For more info on the conference: https://2019.phpconf.asia/
* Twitter: (@PHPConfAsia)
* Speaker package includes: Speaker package: Full conference pass, lunch, receptions and activities included in regular conference. We'll pick you up and drop you off to/from the airport so you don't have to worry about it. Speakers' dinner on the first evening of the conference (24th June 2019). Transport to and from the conference venue will be included
* For speakers remote to the Area: 2 complimentary hotel nights and
we can consider providing grants to partially cover the air-fare for speakers who might have financial difficulties. This is on a case-by-case basis.
* Speakers will be provided with a projector, a wireless hand-held microphone and a screen for their presentation. Speakers should prepare their slides in 4x3 aspect ratio. Speakers should bring any equipment they need to connect to projectors (HDMI). It is also suggested that you reduce your dependency on the in-house internet connection as possible.
*In Submission: Make sure your talk title and abstract define the exact topic you want to talk about and what you hope people will learn from the session.
*Talk Ideas: Virtualization and environments, Javascript, Alternate PHP run-times, PHP internals, Development principles, Security, Mobile-first design, Testing (unit, functional, etc.), Version control, User Experience/Usability, Building APIs (REST, SOAP, whatever), Continuous Integration, Framework-related topics, and Professional development.

Cascadia PHP

Another conference to apply to is Cascadia PHP, which will take place on September 19-21 at University Place Hotel & Conference Center in Portland, Oregon.
*Submission deadline: April 15, 2019
*Submit via: https://cfp.cascadiaphp.com/
* For more info on the conference: https://www.cascadiaphp.com/venue
* Twitter: (@CascadiaPHP)
* Speaker package includes: Speaker package: Full conference pass, lunch, receptions and activities included in regular conference. For speakers remote to the Area: Complimentary airfare/travel, 2 complimentary hotel nights and we'll pick you up and drop you off to/from the airport so you don't have to worry about it.
Speakers will be provided with a projector, a wireless lapel microphone and a screen for their presentation (size depends on the room). Speakers should bring any equipment they need to connect to projectors (VGA). It is also suggested that you reduce your dependency on the in-house internet connection as possible.
*In Submission: make sure your talk title and abstract define the exact topic you want to talk about and what you hope people will learn from the session.
*Talk Ideas: PHP internals, Version control, Framework-related topics, Building APIs (REST, SOAP, whatever), Mobile-first design, Professional development, Testing (unit, functional, etc.), Alternate PHP run-times, Development principles, Continuous Integration, Getting involved in the PHP community, User Experience/Usability, Technology at large, Security, Connecting to Different APIs, Development Tools, Virtualization and environments, Javascript, Modern hosting practices, Language Features, Databases, Refactoring legacy applications, Running/contributing to open source projects, AI and AR, and User Groups.

Nomad PHP

Last but not least - this is an ongoing call for papers. This is perfect if you want to present from the comfort of your office, home or really wherever you are. It’s via RingCentral meetings and will be live and recorded. This is for none other than Nomad PHP.
* Twitter: (@nomadphp)
* Deadline: Anytime :D
* Talk length: 45 - 60 minutes.
* Talks should be unique to Nomad PHP and not available in video format online.
* Talk should not be recorded or made available elsewhere online for at least 3 months following your talk.
* The talk will be featured on our page and promoted via social media.
* Speakers will receive a financial stipend.
* Upon being selected we will reach out with further details.
*Talk ideas: AI & Machine Learning, APIs, Containerization, Databases, DevOps, Documentation, Frameworks, Performance, Security, Serverless, Testing, Tools, Upgrading/ Modernization, and more.
*Submit here: https://www.papercall.io/nomadphp
Now that you have some information - make sure to apply to all of these options! Can't wait to see all of your awesome talks you present :D!