PHP & Web Development Blogs

Hello Guys,

In our Last Blog Post, we have created restful apis,But not worked on its security and authentication. Login api can be public but after login apis should be authenticate using any secure token. one of them is JWT, So i am providing the Steps for Create and use JWT Token in our already created API.


Now its time To Implement JWT Authentication IN our Api, So these are the steps to implement it in our already created Apis

Step 1:Install and include Firebase JWT(JSON WEB TOKEN) in our project with following composer command        

 composer require firebase/php-jwt 

include the composer installed packages

require_once('vendor/autoload.php');

use namespace using following:

 use \Firebase\JWT\JWT; 

Step 2: Create a JWT server side using Firebase Jwt Library's encode method in Login action , and return it to Client

Define a private variable named Secret_Key in Class like following:

 private {
 $payload = array(
 'iss' => $_SERVER['HOST_NAME'],
 'exp' => time()+600, 'uId' => $UiD
 );
 try{
 $jwt = JWT::encode($payload, $this->Secret_Key,'HS256'); $res=array("status"=>true,"Token"=>$jwt);
 }catch (UnexpectedValueException $e) {
 $res=array("status"=>false,"Error"=>$e->getMessage());
 }
 return $res;
 }

In our login action , if the user has been logged in successfully then with the status,_data_ and message just replace the login success code with following code:

$return['status']=1;
$return['_data_']=$UserData[0];
$return['message']='User Logged in Successfully.';

 $jwt=$obj->generateToken($UserData[0]['id']);
 if($jwt['status']==true)
 {
 $return['JWT']=$jwt['Token'];
 }
 else{
 unset($return['_data_']);
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:'.$jwt['Error'];
 }

Step 3: Now with every request after login should have the JWT token in its Post(even we can receive it in get or authentication header also but here we are receiving it in post)

No afetr successfully login you will get the JWt Token in your response,Just add that Token with every post request of after login api calls. So we will do it using postman, Find the screenshot 1 for checking the JWT Token is coming in login api response

Step 4:After reciving the JWt in every after login api call, we need to check whether the token is fine using JWT decode method in After login Apis like

UserBlogs

is a After login Api, So for verify that we are creating Authencate method in class like following:

 public function Authenticate($JWT,$Curret_User_id)
 {
 try {
 $decoded = JWT::decode($JWT,$this->Secret_Key, array('HS256'));
 $payload = json_decode(json_encode($decoded),true);
 
 if($payload['uId'] == $Curret_User_id) {
 $res=array("status"=>true);
 }else{
 $res=array("status"=>false,"Error"=>"Invalid Token or Token Exipred, So Please login Again!");
 }
 }catch (UnexpectedValueException $e) {
 $res=array("status"=>false,"Error"=>$e->getMessage());
 } 
 return $res;
 
 }

Step 5: Cross check the response returned by Authenticate method in

UserBlogs

Action of api , replace the

UserBlogs

Action inner content with following code:

 if(isset($_POST['Uid']))
 {

 $resp=$obj->Authenticate($_POST['JWT'],$_POST['Uid']);
 if($resp['status']==false)
 {
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:'.$resp['Error'];
 }
 else{
 $blogs=$obj->get_all_blogs($_POST['Uid']);
 if(count($blogs)>0)
 {
 $return['status']=1;
 $return['_data_']=$blogs;
 $return['message']='Success.';
 }
 else
 {
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:Invalid UserId!';
 }
 } 
 }
 else
 {
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:User Id not provided!';
 }

Ah great its time to check out the UserBlogs Api, please find the screenshoot for that, Remember we need to put the JWt Token in POST Parameter as we have already recived that Value in Login Api call.



Now if you want to verify that token is expiring in given time(10 minutes after generation time/login time), i am just clicking the same api with same token after 10 minutes and you can see there will not return any data and it is returning status false with following message :





Also if you want to eloborate it more then i suggest you to try with modify Uid value with same token , you will another authentication issue and also if you modify the JWT token also then also you will not get the desired result and get authentication Issue

Thanks for reading out if you want the complete code of this file then please find following:

<?php 
header("Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8");
require_once('vendor/autoload.php');
use \Firebase\JWT\JWT; 

class DBClass {

 private $host = "localhost";
 private $username = "root";
 private $password = ""; private $database = "news";

 public $connection;

 private $Secret_Key="*$%43MVKJTKMN$#"; 
 public function connect(){

 $this->connection = null;

 try{
 $this->connection = new PDO("mysql:host=" . $this->host . ";dbname=" . $this->database, $this->username, $this->password);
 $this->connection->exec("set names utf8");
 }catch(PDOException $exception){
 echo "Error: " . $exception->getMessage();
 }

 return $this->connection;
 }

 public function login($email,$password){

 if($this->connection==null)
 {
 $this->connect();
 }
 
 $query = "SELECT id,name,email,createdAt,updatedAt from users where email= ? and password= ?";
 $stmt = $this->connection->prepare($query);
 $stmt->execute(array($email,md5($password)));
 $ret= $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 return $ret;
 }

 public function get_all_blogs($Uid){

 if($this->connection==null)
 {
 $this->connect();
 }
 
 $query = "SELECT b.*,u.id as Uid,u.email as Uemail,u.name as Uname from blogs b join users u on u.id=b.user_id where b.user_id= ?";
 $stmt = $this->connection->prepare($query);
 $stmt->execute(array($Uid));
 $ret= $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 return $ret;
 }

 public function response($array)
 {
 echo json_encode($array);
 exit;
 }

 public function generateToken($UiD)
 {
 $payload = array(
 'iss' => $_SERVER['HOST_NAME'],
 'exp' => time()+600, 'uId' => $UiD
 );
 try{
 $jwt = JWT::encode($payload, $this->Secret_Key,'HS256'); $res=array("status"=>true,"Token"=>$jwt);
 }catch (UnexpectedValueException $e) {
 $res=array("status"=>false,"Error"=>$e->getMessage());
 }
 return $res;
 }

 public function Authenticate($JWT,$Current_User_id)
 { 
 try {
 $decoded = JWT::decode($JWT,$this->Secret_Key, array('HS256'));
 $payload = json_decode(json_encode($decoded),true);
 
 if($payload['uId'] == $Current_User_id) {
 $res=array("status"=>true);
 }else{
 $res=array("status"=>false,"Error"=>"Invalid Token or Token Exipred, So Please login Again!");
 }
 }catch (UnexpectedValueException $e) {
 $res=array("status"=>false,"Error"=>$e->getMessage());
 } 
 return $res;
 
 }
}

$return=array();
$obj = new DBClass();
if(isset($_GET['action']) && $_GET['action']!='')
{
if($_GET['action']=="login")
{
 if(isset($_POST['email']) && isset($_POST['password']))
 {
 $UserData=$obj->login($_POST['email'],$_POST['password']);
 if(count($UserData)>0)
 {
 $return['status']=1;
 $return['_data_']=$UserData[0];
 $return['message']='User Logged in Successfully.';

 $jwt=$obj->generateToken($UserData[0]['id']);
 if($jwt['status']==true)
 {
 $return['JWT']=$jwt['Token'];
 }
 else{
 unset($return['_data_']);
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:'.$jwt['Error'];
 }
 
 }
 else
 {
	$return['status']=0;
	$return['message']='Error:Invalid Email or Password!';
 }
 }
 else
 {
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:Email or Password not provided!';
 }
}
elseif($_GET['action']=="UserBlogs")
{
 if(isset($_POST['Uid']))
 {

 $resp=$obj->Authenticate($_POST['JWT'],$_POST['Uid']);
 if($resp['status']==false)
 {
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:'.$resp['Error'];
 }
 else{
 $blogs=$obj->get_all_blogs($_POST['Uid']);
 if(count($blogs)>0)
 {
 $return['status']=1;
 $return['_data_']=$blogs;
 $return['message']='Success.';
 }
 else
 {
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:Invalid UserId!';
 }
 } 
 }
 else
 {
 $return['status']=0;
 $return['message']='Error:User Id not provided!';
 }
}
}
else
{
$return['status']=0;
$return['message']='Error:Action not provided!';
}
$obj->response($return);
$obj->connection=null;
?>

Hi Guys,
I am sharing you the simple steps by which you can broadcast the web push notifications to your subscriber. In this tutorial we are making a subscriber form and saving information using Ajax and PHP and then through a server side code returning response to current logged in user and showing notification to that user.
Following are the steps to build this system

1. Create a database, I am creating db with name 'web_notifications'

Creating subscribers and notifications tables using following sql statements

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>subscribers</code> (
 <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL,
 <code>name</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>email</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>createdAt</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE <code>subscribers</code> ADD PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>);

ALTER TABLE <code>subscribers</code> MODIFY <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;



CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>notifications</code> (
 <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL,
 <code>to_user</code> int(11) NOT NULL,
 <code>title</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>body</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>url</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>is_sent</code> int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
 <code>createdAt</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE <code>notifications</code> ADD PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>);

ALTER TABLE <code>notifications</code> MODIFY <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

2. Now create a db_connect.php file with following code

<?php 
session_start();
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "web_notifications";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
 die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
} 
?>

3. Create a cookies.js file to read and write browser cookies

function WriteCookie(key,content) {
 var now = new Date();
 now.setMonth( now.getMonth() + 1 ); 
 document.cookie = key+"=" + escape(content) + ";";
 document.cookie = "expires=" + now.toUTCString() + ";"
}

function ReadCookie(key) {
 var allcookies = document.cookie;
 cookiearray = allcookies.split(';');
 var CookieData=Array();
 for(var i=0; i<cookiearray.length; i++) {
 k = cookiearray[i].split('=')[0];
 v = cookiearray[i].split('=')[1];
 CookieData[k]=v;
 }
 return CookieData[key];
}

4. Create a ajax file to read and mark is_sent if any notification foun to be sent in database for that user. create file with name 'fetch_notifications.php' with following content

<?php require 'db_connect.php';

$sql = "SELECT id,title,body,url FROM notifications where to_user='".@$_GET['user_id']."' and is_sent='0' ";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

$data=array();
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
 while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
 $data[]=$row;

 $upd = "update notifications set is_sent='1' where id='".$row['id']."' ";
 $conn->query($upd);

 }
}

if(count($data)>0)
{
 $response=array("status"=>1,"notification"=>$data);
}
else
{
 $response=array("status"=>0,"error"=>"No new notification!");
}

echo json_encode($response);

$conn->close(); 
?>

5. Now code index.php to show subscriber form and on submit insert record into the subscriber table

<?php require 'db_connect.php'; ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <title>Web Push Notification Demo</title>
 <script src="./cookies.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 <link href="
<script src="
<script src="
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.1.0/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-lKuwvrZot6UHsBSfcMvOkWwlCMgc0TaWr+30HWe3a4ltaBwTZhyTEggF5tJv8tbt" crossorigin="anonymous">
<?php 
if(isset($_POST['subscribe_form']))
{
 $_SESSION['is_login']=0;
 $username=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['username']);
 $useremail=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['useremail']);


 $sql = "INSERT INTO subscribers set name='".$username."',email='".$useremail."' ";
 if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
 $_SESSION['is_login']=1;
 $_SESSION['Uid']= $conn->insert_id;
 $_SESSION['Uname']= $username;
 ?>
 <script type="text/javascript">
 WriteCookie("Uid","<?php echo $_SESSION['Uid']; ?>");
 </script> 
 <?php
 $msg="<p style='color:green'>You have subscribe for push notification succesfully :)</p>";
 } else {
 $msg="<p style='color:red'>Error in subscribing for notifications</p>";
 }


}

?>
<div class="container">
<?php 
if(isset($msg) && $msg!='')
{
 ?>
 <br>
 <div class="alert alert-info">
 <?php echo $msg; ?>
 </div>
 <?php
}

if(isset($_SESSION['is_login']) && $_SESSION['is_login']==1)
{
 ?>
 <h2>Welcome <?php echo $_SESSION['Uname']; ?></h2>
 <script type="text/javascript"> 

setInterval(function(){ 
 check_notification(); 
}, 10000);

function check_notification()
{ 
 var Uid=ReadCookie("Uid");
 if(Uid!==undefined)
 {
 $.ajax({url: "fetch_notifications.php?user_id="+Uid, success: function(result){ 
 var response=JSON.parse(result);
 if(response.status==1)
 {
 
 response=response.notifications;
 for (var i = response.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 var url = response[i]['url'];
 var noti = new Notification(response[i]['title'], {
 icon: 'logo.png', body: response[i]['body'],
 });
 noti.onclick = function () {
 window.open(url); 
 noti.close(); 
 };
 
 };

 }
 else{
 console.log(response.error);

 }
 
 }

 }); 
 }
}

 
 </script>
 <?php
}
else
{
 ?>
 <h2 class="text-center">Subscribe for Notifications</h2>
 <div class="row justify-content-center">
 <div class="col-12 col-md-8 col-lg-6 pb-5">

 <div class="card border-primary rounded-0">
 <div class="card-header p-0">
 <div class="bg-info text-white text-center py-2">
 <h3><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> Information</h3>
 <p class="m-0">provide your information</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="card-body p-3">
 <form method="post">
 <!--Body-->
 <div class="form-group">
 <div class="input-group mb-2">
 <div class="input-group-prepend">
 <div class="input-group-text"><i class="fa fa-user text-info"></i></div>
 </div>
 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" placeholder="Input Your Name Here" required>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <div class="input-group mb-2">
 <div class="input-group-prepend">
 <div class="input-group-text"><i class="fa fa-envelope text-info"></i></div>
 </div>
 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="useremail" name="useremail" pattern="[^@\s]+@[^@\s]+\.[^@\s]+" title="Invalid email address" placeholder="[email protected]" required>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div class="text-center">
 <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe_form" class="btn btn-info btn-block rounded-0 py-2">
 </div>
 </form>
 </div>

 </div>
 


 </div>
 </div>
<?php }?>
</div>



</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>
<?php 
$conn->close(); 
?>

The frontend of your subscription page (index.php) should look like this:




Now we are ready to receive notification in frontend, but we still need to create an admin page from where we can send notification to subscriber(s).

6. Create a table for admin user

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>admin</code> (
 <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL,
 <code>username</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>password</code> varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 <code>createdAt</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

ALTER TABLE <code>admin</code> ADD PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>);

ALTER TABLE <code>admin</code> MODIFY <code>id</code> int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

INSERT INTO <code>web_notifications</code>.<code>admin</code> (<code>id</code>, <code>username</code>, <code>password</code>, <code>createdAt</code>) VALUES (NULL, 'admin', MD5('123456'), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);

Following is the code for admin.php to add the notifications to subscriber(s) account also i have inserted following login credentials for admin in admin table:
username:admin
password:123456

7. Now put following code in admin.php

<?php require 'db_connect.php'; ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <title>ADMIN PAGE</title> 
 <link href="
<script src="
<script src="
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.1.0/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-lKuwvrZot6UHsBSfcMvOkWwlCMgc0TaWr+30HWe3a4ltaBwTZhyTEggF5tJv8tbt" crossorigin="anonymous">
<?php 
if(isset($_POST['login']))
{
 $_SESSION['admin_login']=0;
 $username=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['username']);
 $password=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['password']);
 $sql = "SELECT * FROM admin where username='".$username."' and password='".md5($password)."' ";
 $result = $conn->query($sql);
 if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
 $_SESSION['admin_login']=1;
 $msg="<p style='color:green'>Admin Logged-in Successfully :)</p>";
 }
 else {
 $msg="<p style='color:red'>INVALID CREDENTIALS FOR ADMIN</p>";
 } 


}
if(isset($_POST['add_notification']))
{ 
 $title=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['title']);
 $body=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['body']);
 $url=$conn->real_escape_string($_POST['url']);
 $users=$_POST['users'];

 foreach ($users as $user_id) {
 $ins = "insert into notifications set to_user='".$user_id."' , title='".$title."', url='".$url."', body='".$body."' ";
 $conn->query($ins);
 }
 $msg="<p style='color:green'>Notification(s) added to subscribers account.</p>";
 
}

?>
<div class="container">
<?php 
if(isset($msg) && $msg!='')
{
 ?>
 <br>
 <div class="alert alert-info">
 <?php echo $msg; ?>
 </div>
 <?php
}

if(isset($_SESSION['admin_login']) && $_SESSION['admin_login']==1)
{
 ?>
 <h2>Welcome Admin, Send notification to Subscriber(s)</h2>

<form method="post">
 
 

<div class="form-group">
 <label for="sel1">Select Subscriber(s):</label>
 <select multiple="multiple" required="required" class="form-control" id="users" name="users[]">
 <?php
$sql = "SELECT id,name FROM subscribers";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

$data=array();
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
 while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
 echo "<option value='".$row['id']."'>".$row['name']."</option>";
 }
}
?>
 </select>
</div>

 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="email">Title</label>
 <input type="text" required class="form-control" placeholder="notification title here" name="title" id="title">
 </div>
 
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="email">Message</label>
 <textarea required class="form-control" placeholder="notification message here" name="body" id="body"></textarea> 
 </div>

 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="email">Url</label>
 <input type="url" required class="form-control" placeholder="notification landing/click url here" name="url" id="url">
 </div>
 
 <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" name="add_notification" value="Submit" />

</form>


 <?php
}
else
{
 ?>
 <h2 class="text-center">ADMINISTRATOR</h2>
 <div class="row justify-content-center">
 <div class="col-12 col-md-8 col-lg-6 pb-5">

 <div class="card border-primary rounded-0">
 <div class="card-header p-0">
 <div class="bg-info text-white text-center py-2">
 <h3><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> LOGIN</h3>
 <p class="m-0">provide admin login credentials</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="card-body p-3">
 <form method="post">
 <!--Body-->
 <div class="form-group">
 <div class="input-group mb-2">
 <div class="input-group-prepend">
 <div class="input-group-text"><i class="fa fa-user text-info"></i></div>
 </div>
 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" placeholder="Input username here" required>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <div class="input-group mb-2">
 <div class="input-group-prepend">
 <div class="input-group-text"><i class="fa fa-key text-info"></i></div>
 </div>
 <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" placeholder="your password here" required>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div class="text-center">
 <input type="submit" value="Login" name="login" class="btn btn-info btn-block rounded-0 py-2">
 </div>
 </form>
 </div>

 </div>
 


 </div>
 </div>
<?php }?>
</div>



</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>
<?php 
$conn->close(); 
?>

The admin page will ask login credentials first then it will look like following screenshot:



Now in your project if you open index.php you have a frontend where user will register themselves to receive notifications, and admin.php is your backend where you can send notifications to users or subscribers


If you face any problem in setup this small project please just let me know in the comments below, or by messaging me.

Laravel introduces eloquent relationships from laravel 5.0 onwards. We all know, while we creating an application we all have foreign keys. Each table will be connected to some other. Eloquent make easy to connect each tables easily. Here we will One to one, one to many and many to many relationships. Here we will see three types of relationships,
   
. One to one relationships
    . One to many relationships
    . Many to many relationships

Why Eloquent Relationships

Here we have 2 tables, students and marks, so for join each table,

$student = student::join(‘marks’,’marks.student_id,’=’,students.id’)->where(‘students.id’,’1’)->get();

dd($student);

the above query is to long, so when we connect more tables its too tough we will be having a big query and complicated.

Model Query using Relationships

$student_marks = student::find(1);

dd($student_marks->mark1);

The above example is a simple example of eloquent relationships. We can reduce the first query into a simple one.

ONE TO ONE RELATIOSHIPS

Here we are creating 2 tables:
* Users
* Phones

Now we can see one to one relationships using hasone() and belongsto().

We need to create table using migrations

Create migrations

users table will be created by using

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->string('name');

 $table->string('email')->unique();

 $table->string('password');

 $table->rememberToken();

 $table->timestamps();

});

Phones table will be created by

Schema::create('phones', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();

 $table->string('phone');

 $table->timestamps();

 $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')

 ->onDelete('cascade');

});

After that we need to create model for each tables, as we all know if the table name is laravel table name will be ending with ‘s’ and model name will be without ‘s’ of the same table name.

User model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;



class User extends Authenticatable

{

 use Notifiable;



 

 protected $fillable = [

 'name', 'email', 'password',

 ];



 

 protected $hidden = [

 'password', 'remember_token',

 ];



 

 public function phone()

 {

 return $this->hasOne('App\Phone');

 }

}

Phone Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class Phone extends Model

{

 

 public function user()

 {

 return $this->belongsTo('App\User');

 }

}

For Creating records

$user = User::find(1);

$phone = new Phone;

$phone->phone = '9080054945';

$user->phone()->save($phone);



$phone = Phone::find(1);

$user = User::find(10);

$phone->user()->associate($user)->save();

Now we can get our records by

$phone = User::find(1)->phone;

dd($phone);



$user = Phone::find(1)->user;

dd($user);

ONE TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

Here we will use hasMany() and belongsTo() for relationships

Now we are creating two tables, posts and comments, we will be having a foreign key towards posts table.


Migrations for posts and comments table

Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->string("name");

 $table->timestamps();

});



Schema::create('comments', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->integer('post_id')->unsigned();

 $table->string("comment");

 $table->timestamps();

 $table->foreign('post_id')->references('id')->on('posts')

 ->onDelete('cascade');

});

Now we will create Post Model and Comment Model

Post Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class Post extends Model

{

 

 public function comments()

 {

 return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);

 }

}

Comment Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class Comment extends Model

{

 

 public function post()

 {

 return $this->belongsTo(Post::class);

 }

}

Now we can create records

$post = Post::find(1);

$comment = new Comment;

$comment->comment = "Hi Harikrishnan";

$post = $post->comments()->save($comment);

$post = Post::find(1);



$comment1 = new Comment;

$comment1->comment = "How are You?";

$comment2 = new Comment;

$comment2->comment = "Where are you?";

$post = $post->comments()->saveMany([$comment1, $comment2]);



$comment = Comment::find(1);

$post = Post::find(2);

$comment->post()->associate($post)->save();

Now we can get records

$post = Post::find(1);

$comments = $post->comments;

dd($comments);



$comment = Comment::find(1);

$post = $comment->post;

dd($post);

MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

Many to many is little bit different and complicated than the above two.



In this example, I will create users, roles, and role, users_tables, here each table will be connected each other using the foreign keys.



Using belongsToMany() we will use see a demo of Many to many relationship

Create Migrations

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->string('name');

 $table->string('email')->unique();

 $table->string('password');

 $table->rememberToken();

 $table->timestamps();

});



Schema::create('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->increments('id');

 $table->string('name');

 $table->timestamps();

});



Schema::create('role_user', function (Blueprint $table) {

 $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();

 $table->integer('role_id')->unsigned();

 $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')

 ->onDelete('cascade');

 $table->foreign('role_id')->references('id')->on('roles')

 ->onDelete('cascade');

});

Create Models

User Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;



class User extends Authenticatable

{

 use Notifiable;



 

 protected $fillable = [

 'name', 'email', 'password',

 ];



 

 protected $hidden = [

 'password', 'remember_token',

 ];



 

 public function roles()

 {

 return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'role_user');

 }

}

Role Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class Role extends Model

{

 

 public function users()

 {

 return $this->belongsToMany(User::class, 'role_user');

 }

}

UserRole Model

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;



class UserRole extends Model

{

}

Now we can create records

$user = User::find(2); 

$roleIds = [1, 2];

$user->roles()->attach($roleIds);



$user = User::find(3); 

$roleIds = [1, 2];

$user->roles()->sync($roleIds);



$role = Role::find(1); 

$userIds = [10, 11];

$role->users()->attach($userIds);



$role = Role::find(2); 

$userIds = [10, 11];

$role->users()->sync($userIds);

Now we can retrieve records

$user = User::find(1); 

dd($user->roles);



$role = Role::find(1);

dd($role->users);

Hence laravel Eloquent is more powerful and we do relationships easily compared to native query. We will be having three more relationships in laravel. Ie.., has many, one to many polymorphic and many to many polymorphic. With eloquent relationship we can easily connect the tables each other. One to one relationships we can connect two tables with their basic functionalities. In one to many we will connect with single table with multiple options. In Many to many we will be having more tables.

Hi Guys,

I am sharing you a standalone class for managing a session based cart system. In this class I have provided multiple methods for adding, updating and deleting the products. and By using this class you may manage multiple cart objects with different data only you need to pass a different key in constructor of that class.

Let me share you the How can we use that Class:

Include The cart class

require 'PhpKart.class.php';

Create a Cart Object initializing the Cart base key name, by using different keys we can manage multiple cart data in a same project , like main cart or wishlist

$obj1 = new PhpKart("MainCart");

Here Maincart is the keyname in which $obj1 insert/modify/delete the data

Adding any product inside cart

$obj1->add_to_cart($product_id=123,$quantity=2,$product_information=array("product_name"=>"Tomato","Price"=>20));

Where parameter1 is product, id,parameter 2 is quantity, and Parameter 3 is product information Array

Now If we want to update the quantity in product_id=123 with quantity 5 then use following:

$obj1->add_to_cart($product_id=123,$quantity=5);

Here we did not pass the information array again because no matter you pass or not if the product information is already added in the cart then if won't be affected So no ned to pass this, only pass product id and its Quantity

If we want to add another product:

$obj1->add_to_cart($product_id=145,$quantity=3,$product_information=array("product_name"=>"Potato","Price"=>30));

Now we have a case what if our product is already having some quantity and we want to increase into it or decrease into it, Then to retrieve the already added product information, using AlreadyExists method by passing product id,it will return array if it exists and it will return boolean false if not exists:

$already_exists=$obj1->AlreadyExists($product_id=145); 
if($already_exists !== false )
{
print_r($already_exists);
}

If we want to remove any product from cart:

$obj1->remove_from_cart($product_id=145);

If we want to get all products from the current cart

print_r( $obj1->getAllItems() );

It will return you an array with all the items exist in the current cart

Getting all item's count inside the current cart

echo $obj1->getTotalItems(); 

If we want to get calculate total amount in the current cart

echo $obj1->getCartTotalAmount($priceKeyName='Price')

Note: In the above snippet we need to provide teh same key name which we have used for product price in project information array at the time of adding items in cart array, and need to take the same key name in all the products inserting in Same Cart

If we want to clear/reset the current cart then use following:

$obj1->clear_cart(); 

Now if we want to save some other user interested items separately which use likes but don't want to buy now so that items can be Add into wishlist So we need to create new object with different cart ket name and that list will be manage separately using it's object. Like Following:

Create new Object by passing different Key

$obj2=new PhpKart("MyWishlist"); 

Add a new item to $obj2 object containing the items user want to add in his/her wishlist

$obj2->add_to_cart($product_id=159,$quantity=8,$product_information=array("product_name"=>"Baby Toy","Price"=>100));

Show the total cart Amount

echo $obj2->getCartTotalAmount("Price"); 

Full Source Code

Following is the full code for that cart managing Class . Just create a file named PhpKart.class.php and add following code in it:

<?php 
if(!session_id()){
 @session_start();
}


class PhpKart{

private $cart_key;

public function __construct($CartkeyName)
{
$this->cart_key=$CartkeyName;
}
public function add_to_cart($product_id,$quantity='1',$product_information=array())
{
$_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]['product_id']=$product_id;
$_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]['quantity']=$quantity;
if(!isset($_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]['product_information']) && !empty($product_information)){
$_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]['product_information']=$product_information;
}
}
public function remove_from_cart($product_id)
{
unset($_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]);
}
public function clear_cart()
{
unset($_SESSION[$this->cart_key]);
}
public function getTotalItems()
{
return count($_SESSION[$this->cart_key]);
}
public function getCartTotalAmount($price_key_name)
{
$total=0;
foreach($_SESSION[$this->cart_key] as $row)
{
$total += ($row['product_information'][$price_key_name]*$row['quantity']);
}

return $total;
}
public function AlreadyExists($product_id)
{
 if (isset($_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id]))
 {
	return $_SESSION[$this->cart_key][$product_id];
 }
 else
 {
	return false;
 }
}
public function getAllItems()
{
return $_SESSION[$this->cart_key];
}


}

?>

Conferences are always looking for speakers - it can be hard to keep track of them all and the requirements they have. I wanted to put together this quick guide to make it easy for you to apply. Make sure to apply because as Wayne Gretzky said “You miss 100% of the shots you don’t take”!!!

phpDay 2019

First we have phpDay 2019 which will take place on May 10 & 11 at Hotel San Marco in Verona, Italy. Some facts about this call for papers:
*Submission deadline: February 4, 2019
*Submit via: https://cfp.phpday.it/
* For more info on the conference: https://2019.phpday.it/
* Twitter: (@phpday)
* Speaker package includes: Full conference pass (jsDay + phpDay), speaker dinner the first night, lunch, reception and activities included in regular conference.
* For speakers remote to the Area: A refund of up to €200 for travel costs (or €500 from US or extra-EU), 2 complimentary hotel nights (+1 hotel night for speakers presenting multiple talks or US/extra-EU) and Taxi fare from/to the airport.
*In Submission: make sure your talk title and abstract define the exact topic you want to talk about and what you hope people will learn from the session.
*Talk Ideas: APIs (REST, SOAP, etc.), Architectures, Continuous Delivery, Databases, Development, Devops, Frameworks, Internals, PHP 7.x / PHP 8, Security, Testing and UI/UX.

ScotlandPHP

Next we have ScotlandPHP which will take place on November 8 & 9 at Edinburgh International Conference Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland.
*Submission deadline: April 22, 2019
*Submit via: https://cfs.scotlandphp.co.uk/
* For more info on the conference: https://conference.scotlandphp.co.uk/
* Twitter: (@scotlandphp)
* Speaker package: Full conference pass, lunch, receptions and activities included in regular conference.
* For speakers remote to the Area: Complimentary airfare/travel, 2 complimentary hotel nights and we'll pick you up and drop you off to/from the airport so you don't have to worry about it.
* Speakers will be provided with a projector, a wireless lapel microphone and a screen for their presentation (size depends on the room). Speakers should bring any equipment they need to connect to projectors (VGA). It is also suggested that you reduce your dependency on the in-house internet connection as possible. We will however provide HDMI and Mini Display Port connections for all speakers on request. If you need something different or your selected talk needs audio equipment just let us know. We'll work it out.
* Looking for talks and workshops (November 8th).
*Talk Ideas: Virtualization and environments, Javascript, Alternate PHP run-times, PHP internals, Development principles, Security, Mobile-first design, Testing (unit, functional, etc.), Version control, User Experience/Usability, Building APIs (REST, SOAP, whatever), Continuous Integration, Framework-related topics, and Professional development.

Global diversity CFP day

In 2019 there will be numerous workshops hosted around the globe encouraging and advising newbie speakers to put together your very first talk proposal and share your own individual perspective on any subject of interest to people in tech.
* Twitter: (@gdcfpday)
*Save the Date: March 2, 2019
*Register here: https://www.globaldiversitycfpday.com/?utm_source=scotphp

CoderCruise

Then there is CoderCruise which will take place on August 19-23. It's a cruise that takes off from Port Canaveral, Florida and goes to the Bahamas.
* Twitter: (@codercruise)
*Submission deadline: March 3, 2019
*Submit via: https://www.papercall.io/codercruise-2019
* For more info on the conference: https://www.codercruise.com/
* This is a polyglot conference so looking for speakers on a wide variety of languages (PHP, JavaScript, Java, Python, etc.) and on various tech topics.

PHP Conference Asia 2019

There is also PHP Conference Asia 2019, which will take place on June 24-25 at Microsot Singapore.
*Submission deadline: March 8, 2019
*Submit via: https://cfp.phpconf.asia/
* For more info on the conference: https://2019.phpconf.asia/
* Twitter: (@PHPConfAsia)
* Speaker package includes: Speaker package: Full conference pass, lunch, receptions and activities included in regular conference. We'll pick you up and drop you off to/from the airport so you don't have to worry about it. Speakers' dinner on the first evening of the conference (24th June 2019). Transport to and from the conference venue will be included
* For speakers remote to the Area: 2 complimentary hotel nights and
we can consider providing grants to partially cover the air-fare for speakers who might have financial difficulties. This is on a case-by-case basis.
* Speakers will be provided with a projector, a wireless hand-held microphone and a screen for their presentation. Speakers should prepare their slides in 4x3 aspect ratio. Speakers should bring any equipment they need to connect to projectors (HDMI). It is also suggested that you reduce your dependency on the in-house internet connection as possible.
*In Submission: Make sure your talk title and abstract define the exact topic you want to talk about and what you hope people will learn from the session.
*Talk Ideas: Virtualization and environments, Javascript, Alternate PHP run-times, PHP internals, Development principles, Security, Mobile-first design, Testing (unit, functional, etc.), Version control, User Experience/Usability, Building APIs (REST, SOAP, whatever), Continuous Integration, Framework-related topics, and Professional development.

Cascadia PHP

Another conference to apply to is Cascadia PHP, which will take place on September 19-21 at University Place Hotel & Conference Center in Portland, Oregon.
*Submission deadline: April 15, 2019
*Submit via: https://cfp.cascadiaphp.com/
* For more info on the conference: https://www.cascadiaphp.com/venue
* Twitter: (@CascadiaPHP)
* Speaker package includes: Speaker package: Full conference pass, lunch, receptions and activities included in regular conference. For speakers remote to the Area: Complimentary airfare/travel, 2 complimentary hotel nights and we'll pick you up and drop you off to/from the airport so you don't have to worry about it.
Speakers will be provided with a projector, a wireless lapel microphone and a screen for their presentation (size depends on the room). Speakers should bring any equipment they need to connect to projectors (VGA). It is also suggested that you reduce your dependency on the in-house internet connection as possible.
*In Submission: make sure your talk title and abstract define the exact topic you want to talk about and what you hope people will learn from the session.
*Talk Ideas: PHP internals, Version control, Framework-related topics, Building APIs (REST, SOAP, whatever), Mobile-first design, Professional development, Testing (unit, functional, etc.), Alternate PHP run-times, Development principles, Continuous Integration, Getting involved in the PHP community, User Experience/Usability, Technology at large, Security, Connecting to Different APIs, Development Tools, Virtualization and environments, Javascript, Modern hosting practices, Language Features, Databases, Refactoring legacy applications, Running/contributing to open source projects, AI and AR, and User Groups.

Nomad PHP

Last but not least - this is an ongoing call for papers. This is perfect if you want to present from the comfort of your office, home or really wherever you are. It’s via RingCentral meetings and will be live and recorded. This is for none other than Nomad PHP.
* Twitter: (@nomadphp)
* Deadline: Anytime :D
* Talk length: 45 - 60 minutes.
* Talks should be unique to Nomad PHP and not available in video format online.
* Talk should not be recorded or made available elsewhere online for at least 3 months following your talk.
* The talk will be featured on our page and promoted via social media.
* Speakers will receive a financial stipend.
* Upon being selected we will reach out with further details.
*Talk ideas: AI & Machine Learning, APIs, Containerization, Databases, DevOps, Documentation, Frameworks, Performance, Security, Serverless, Testing, Tools, Upgrading/ Modernization, and more.
*Submit here: https://www.papercall.io/nomadphp
Now that you have some information - make sure to apply to all of these options! Can't wait to see all of your awesome talks you present :D!